{"id":1017,"date":"2023-04-17T11:00:36","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T10:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/?p=1017"},"modified":"2023-05-02T07:49:20","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T06:49:20","slug":"pravda-vitezi-ale-ktera-aneb-slavne-vyroky-stokrat-jinak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/2023\/04\/17\/pravda-vitezi-ale-ktera-aneb-slavne-vyroky-stokrat-jinak\/","title":{"rendered":"Pravda v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed \u2013 ale kter\u00e1? aneb Slavn\u00e9 v\u00fdroky v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch \u010dasu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mus\u00edm p\u0159iznat, \u017ee v\u00fdrok Praha a l\u00e1ska mus\u00ed zv\u00edt\u011bzit nad vs\u00ed a\u00a0nen\u00e1vist\u00ed<\/em>, putuj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed druh\u00fdm kolem volby \u010desk\u00e9ho prezidenta koncem ledna 2023, m\u011b navzdory ur\u010dit\u00e9 kreativit\u011b autora trochu vyd\u011bsil.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161inou ale srdce ka\u017ed\u00e9ho frazeologa zaples\u00e1, kdy\u017e vid\u00ed n\u011bjakou zaj\u00edmavou modifikaci n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0ust\u00e1len\u00fdch jednotek jazyka. Pokud se toti\u017e n\u011bkdo pust\u00ed do form\u00e1ln\u00ed obm\u011bny fraz\u00e9mu (v\u00fdm\u011bnou \u010di p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm n\u011bjak\u00e9 jeho komponenty), kter\u00e1 s\u00a0sebou \u010dasto nese i\u00a0ur\u010ditou aktualizaci jeho v\u00fdznamu, vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze stability t\u00e9to jednotky v\u00a0dan\u00e9m jazyce a\u00a0z\u00a0jej\u00edho pevn\u00e9ho ukotven\u00ed v\u00a0ment\u00e1ln\u00edm lexikonu mluv\u010d\u00edch, co\u017e jsou jedny ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch frazeologick\u00fdch rys\u016f. Zkr\u00e1tka: ukazuje se t\u00edm mimo jin\u00e9 vitalita fraz\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

To je i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad v\u011btn\u00e9ho fraz\u00e9mu Pravda v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed<\/em> (lingvista a\u00a0frazeolog Franti\u0161ek \u010cerm\u00e1k ho \u0159ad\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edslov\u00edm a\u00a0v\u00a0jeho Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm slovn\u00edku \u010desk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed<\/em> z\u00a0roku 2013 toto spojen\u00ed zauj\u00edm\u00e1 p\u00e1t\u00e9 m\u00edsto co do frekvence v\u00fdskytu v\u00a0reprezentativn\u00edm elektronick\u00e9m korpusu psan\u00e9 \u010de\u0161tiny). Slova Pravda v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed<\/em> jsou od roku 1920 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vlajky prezidenta republiky a\u00a0tedy jednoho ze st\u00e1tn\u00edch symbol\u016f. Toto heslo zpopularizoval Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk, kdy\u017e ho b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky vn\u00edmal jako jist\u00fd mor\u00e1ln\u00ed apel p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed my\u0161lenky samostatn\u00e9ho \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Jeho syn Jan Masaryk pak pr\u00fd pozd\u011bji v\u011btu doplnil: Pravda v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed, ale d\u00e1 to fu\u0161ku<\/em> (a\u00a0jak se p\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0n\u011bkolika internetov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch, jako by t\u00edm trochu p\u0159edpov\u00eddal pot\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i vyjas\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 smrti\u2026).<\/p>\n

Heslo ale vzniklo mnohem d\u0159\u00edve. V \u010desk\u00e9m kontextu je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako v\u00fdrok u\u010dence a c\u00edrkevn\u00edho reform\u00e1tora Jana Husa, jen\u017e v\u011btu Super omnia vincit veritas<\/em> ale pou\u017eil prim\u00e1rn\u011b v\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m smyslu (Pravda P\u00e1n\u011b) a\u00a0patrn\u011b ji vy\u010detl z biblick\u00fdch pramen\u016f.<\/p>\n

Verzi hesla v\u00a0latin\u011b \u2013 Veritas vincit<\/em> \u2013 jsme mimochodem mohli vid\u011bt na prezidentsk\u00e9 standart\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed rozd\u011blen\u00edm \u010ceskoslovenska (1990\u20131992). Politici zvolili linguu francu, aby nemuseli rozhodovat mezi \u010de\u0161tinou a\u00a0sloven\u0161tinou.<\/p>\n

Jako mnoho fraz\u00e9m\u016f je i\u00a0tento ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu v\u00e1gn\u00ed, proto ho lze v\u00a0textech naj\u00edt v\u00a0mnoha modifikac\u00edch. Asi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou r\u016fzn\u00e1 dopln\u011bn\u00ed o\u00a0druhou v\u011btu, uvozenou spojkou ale<\/em> (Pravda v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed,<\/em> \u2026 ale kter\u00e1?<\/em> \/ ale nad \u010d\u00edm?<\/em> \/ ale d\u00e1 to fu\u0161ku<\/em> \/ ale n\u011bkdy to trv\u00e1 dlouho<\/em> \/ ale d\u00e1 to pr\u00e1ci<\/em>\u2026).<\/p>\n

V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mosti t\u011bchto slov (z\u00a0prezidentsk\u00e9 vlajky ji neodstranili ani komunist\u00e9) vyu\u017eil i\u00a0V\u00e1clav Havel, kter\u00fd je na jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0demonstrac\u00ed v\u00a0listopadu 1989 propojil s\u00a0jin\u00fdm ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fdm syntagmatem: Nad v\u0161\u00edm v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed l\u00e1ska.<\/em> (Omnia vincit amor.<\/em>). Zde je ale nutno poznamenat, \u017ee spojen\u00ed obou podstatn\u00fdch jmen, pravda<\/em> a l\u00e1ska<\/em>, se ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m prostoru vyskytlo ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako motto sjezdu \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch katol\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0roce 1935 (V\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed pravdy a l\u00e1sky<\/em>). Z\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bylo, \u017ee Havel p\u0159idal dv\u011b opozita (pravda<\/em> X le\u017e<\/em>, l\u00e1ska<\/em> X nen\u00e1vist<\/em>), \u010d\u00edm\u017e konkretizoval to, nad \u010d\u00edm m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vyhr\u00e1(v\u00e1)no. Tou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u201ezm\u011bnou\u201c je ale patrn\u011b zm\u011bna slovesn\u00e9ho vidu: Pravda a\u00a0l\u00e1ska zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed nad l\u017e\u00ed a nen\u00e1vist\u00ed.<\/em> Zat\u00edmco v dosavadn\u00edch cit\u00e1tech se objevovalo nedokonav\u00e9 a tedy obecn\u011b a opakovan\u011b platn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzit, Havel pou\u017eil vid dokonav\u00fd (zv\u00edt\u011bzit), \u010d\u00edm\u017e \u201ed\u011bj\u201c, resp. jeho p\u0159edj\u00edman\u00fd v\u00fdsledek, p\u0159evedl jaksi do budoucnosti. Ur\u010dit\u00fd dosavadn\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011bch z\u00e1pasu pravdy se l\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0l\u00e1sky s\u00a0nen\u00e1vist\u00ed se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00a0posledn\u00ed variant\u011b Pravda a\u00a0l\u00e1ska mus\u00ed zv\u00edt\u011bzit nad l\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0nen\u00e1vist\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tato v\u011bta, kter\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b jedn\u011bm d\u00e1vala nad\u011bji, jin\u00fdm ale d\u00edky slovesu muset<\/em> t\u0159eba i\u00a0mohla slou\u017eit jako alibistick\u00e9 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 pasivity, po Havlov\u011b smrti za\u010dala \u017e\u00edt vlastn\u00edm \u017eivotem. A\u00a0dala (kompozi\u010dn\u011b-deriva\u010dn\u00edmi postupy) vzniknout tak\u0159ka nep\u0159elo\u017eiteln\u00fdm slov\u016fm: Skute\u010dn\u00ed i\u00a0domn\u011bl\u00ed Havlovi stoupenci, resp. p\u0159iznivci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho my\u0161lenkov\u00e9ho\/politick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru reprezentovan\u00e9ho V\u00e1clavem Havlem, za\u010dali b\u00fdt z\u00a0opozi\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora naz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed kompozitem pravdol\u00e1ska\u0159i<\/a> nebo pravdol\u00e1skisti<\/a>. Zde m\u00e1me co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s\u00a0fraz\u00e9mem jednoslovn\u00fdm, jeho\u017e v\u00fdznam je s\u00a0ohledem na spole\u010densko-politick\u00e9 konotace a\u00a0vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zory ka\u017ed\u00e9ho mluv\u010d\u00edho je\u0161t\u011b v\u00e1gn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdznam p\u016fvodn\u00edho fraz\u00e9mu v\u011btn\u00e9ho, ze kter\u00e9ho toto podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no vzniklo. A v datab\u00e1zi Neomat<\/a> slov takto odvozen\u00fdch najdeme je\u0161t\u011b mnohem v\u00edce, a\u0165 u\u017e jsou to (\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed) podstatn\u00e1 \u010di p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na: pravdol\u00e1ska<\/a>, pravdol\u00e1skovec<\/a>, pravdol\u00e1skovn\u00edk<\/a>, pravdol\u00e1ska\u0159stv\u00ed<\/a>, pravdol\u00e1skovstv\u00ed<\/a>, pravdol\u00e1skismus<\/a>, svobodopravdol\u00e1ska\u0159<\/a>; pravdol\u00e1ska\u0159sk\u00fd<\/a>, antipravdol\u00e1ska\u0159sk\u00fd<\/a>, protipravdol\u00e1ska\u0159sk\u00fd<\/a>, pravdol\u00e1skovsk\u00fd<\/a>, pravdol\u00e1skovn\u00ed<\/a>, pravdol\u00e1skov\u00fd<\/a>, nebo p\u0159\u00edslovce \u010di slovesa: pravdol\u00e1ska\u0159sky<\/a>; p\u0159epravdol\u00e1skovat<\/a>. Tyto jednotky maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 i to, \u017ee jsou velmi \u010dasto u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ironicky, resp. jako ozna\u010den\u00ed dan\u00e9 osoby nebo skute\u010dnosti n\u011bk\u00fdm \u201ezven\u010d\u00ed\u201c (sami Havlovi sympatizanti u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e neutr\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f, vznikl\u00fdch deproprializac\u00ed, jako havlovec<\/i> nebo havlista<\/i>).<\/p>\n

Spojen\u00ed pravdy a v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed je zjevn\u011b nad\u010dasov\u00e9 a\u00a0inspirativn\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00a0jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch \u2013 heslo (jedin\u011b\/jedin\u00e1) pravda v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed<\/em> najdeme nap\u0159\u00edklad na indick\u00e9m st\u00e1tn\u00edm znaku.<\/p>\n

Nechme se p\u0159ekvapit, co a\u00a0nad \u010d\u00edm bude v\u00edt\u011bzit p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mus\u00edm p\u0159iznat, \u017ee v\u00fdrok Praha a l\u00e1ska mus\u00ed zv\u00edt\u011bzit nad vs\u00ed a\u00a0nen\u00e1vist\u00ed, putuj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed druh\u00fdm kolem volby \u010desk\u00e9ho prezidenta koncem ledna 2023, m\u011b navzdory ur\u010dit\u00e9 kreativit\u011b autora trochu vyd\u011bsil. V\u011bt\u0161inou ale srdce ka\u017ed\u00e9ho frazeologa zaples\u00e1, kdy\u017e vid\u00ed n\u011bjakou zaj\u00edmavou modifikaci n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0ust\u00e1len\u00fdch jednotek jazyka. Pokud se toti\u017e n\u011bkdo pust\u00ed do form\u00e1ln\u00ed obm\u011bny … Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed textu Pravda v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed \u2013 ale kter\u00e1? aneb Slavn\u00e9 v\u00fdroky v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch \u010dasu<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[41,197,198,106,33,46],"class_list":["post-1017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktuality","tag-frazem","tag-havel","tag-masaryk","tag-neologismus","tag-politika","tag-slozenina"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1017"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1052,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017\/revisions\/1052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}