V na\u0161\u00ed rodin\u011b jsme aut\u016fm v\u017edycky d\u00e1vali jm\u00e9na. Asi proto, \u017ee to pro n\u00e1s nebyly jen kusy \u017eeleza, plastu a gumy, ale sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a\u017e skoro \u010dlenov\u00e9 rodiny. Mo\u017en\u00e1 trochu p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u00edm, ale p\u0159esto\u2026 Fifi, L\u00edzinka, Fanda, Zrze\u010dka, Paprika a \u010cer\u0148ucha n\u00e1s doprov\u00e1zeli a doprov\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i mnoha zlomov\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech v \u017eivot\u011b. Zvyk pojmenov\u00e1vat rodinn\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017eovadla n\u00e1m z\u016fstal a\u017e do doby, kdy jsme byli v\u0161ichni dosp\u011bl\u00ed. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m takto osobn\u011b a ze\u0161iroka, abych p\u0159edstavil hlavn\u00ed akt\u00e9ry tohoto sloupku \u2013 \u010cer\u0148uchu a spol. aneb mal\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017eovadla subkompaktn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy (t\u00e9\u017e t\u0159\u00eddy mal\u00fdch voz\u016f nebo t\u0159\u00eddy A0), kter\u00e1 v \u010cesku i dnes \u010dasto pln\u00ed roli mal\u00fdch rodinn\u00fdch voz\u016f a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tak lidovou mobilitu \u0161irok\u00fdm vrstv\u00e1m obyvatel. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 p\u0159ezd\u00edvkov\u00e1 jm\u00e9na mi umo\u017en\u00ed o nich mluvit tak, abych nemusel jmenovat jejich konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho v\u00fdrobce a d\u011blat mu tak reklamu.<\/p>\n
Fifi a L\u00edzinku d\u011bl\u00ed, pokud jde o rok v\u00fdroby, cel\u00fdch dvacet let, jde ale paradoxn\u011b o technicky skoro stejn\u00e1 auta. Pokrok v komunistick\u00e9m \u010ceskoslovensku byl v t\u00e9to oblasti toti\u017e celkov\u011b vzato mal\u00fd a mezi \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdmi a osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdmi lety se vlastn\u011b nikam z\u00e1sadn\u011b neposunul. Z hlediska na\u0161eho t\u00e9matu je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee Fifi byla prvn\u00edm modelem sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce, kter\u00fd ne\u0161el startovat startovac\u00ed klikou<\/em>. Nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed proto, \u017ee dnes je toto spojen\u00ed ji\u017e v podstat\u011b okrajov\u00e9 (cca 150 doklad\u016f na Googlu). Fifi a L\u00edzinku spojuje je\u0161t\u011b jedna v\u011bc, a to manu\u00e1ln\u00ed syti\u010d<\/em>; v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed modely, v\u010detn\u011b Fandy, se kter\u00fdm se posouv\u00e1me na konec 80. a za\u010d\u00e1tek 90. let, pak ji\u017e m\u011bly syti\u010d automatick\u00fd<\/em>.<\/p>\n Fanda byl z\u00e1rove\u0148 posledn\u00edm modelem s karbur\u00e1torem<\/em> (zastarale zplynova\u010d<\/em> podle n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Vergaser<\/em>). A u n\u011bj se na chv\u00edli zastav\u00edme. Od jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v osobn\u00edch automobilech se upustilo v souvislosti s p\u0159\u00edchodem p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch emisn\u00edch limit\u016f pro osobn\u00ed automobily na za\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let. V zem\u00edch EU bylo jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed znemo\u017en\u011bno po roce 1992, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e byl nahrazen p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm elektronicky \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed paliva<\/em>. D\u00edky aplikaci Slovo v kostce<\/a> \u00dastavu \u010cesk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho korpusu m\u016f\u017eeme sledovat v\u00fdvoj frekvence tohoto slova v \u010dase. S t\u00edm, jak karbur\u00e1tor ztr\u00e1cel relevanci v mimojazykov\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, klesala i frekvence jeho u\u017eit\u00ed v jazyce, by\u0165 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u010de\u0161tiny s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi v\u00fdkyvy<\/a>. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je pak srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi jazyky, nap\u0159. s n\u011bm\u010dinou, v n\u00ed\u017e ekvivalentn\u00ed slovo Vergaser<\/em> za\u017eilo podobn\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1d, ale mnohem strm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a bez fluktuac\u00ed<\/a>. Na p\u0159\u00edkladu slova karbur\u00e1tor \/ Vergaser<\/em> si tak m\u016f\u017eeme hezky uk\u00e1zat, co maj\u00ed jazykov\u011bdci na mysli, kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee jazyk odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdvoj spole\u010dnosti z hlediska kultury, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, dostupn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed apod.<\/p>\n Se Zrze\u010dkou se posouv\u00e1me o deset let dop\u0159edu, na p\u0159elom tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. A skok to je vcelku velk\u00fd. Fanda jej je\u0161t\u011b nem\u011bl, Zrze\u010dka u\u017e ano \u2013 elektronick\u00fd imobiliz\u00e9r <\/em>(\u201aelektronick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed nastartov\u00e1n\u00ed motoru, pokud by nebyl vlo\u017een spr\u00e1vn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d\u2018). V sousedn\u00edm N\u011bmecku se stal povinnou v\u00fdbavou nov\u011b registrovan\u00fdch voz\u016f v roce 1998, \u00fadajn\u011b proto, \u017ee na za\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let rapidn\u011b stoupl po\u010det odcizen\u00fdch voz\u016f<\/a>. Relativn\u011b b\u011b\u017enou v\u00fdbavou i t\u011bch men\u0161\u00edch a levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch automobil\u016f se na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed staly bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed prvky v\u00fdbavy jako airbag<\/em> (\u201abezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed nafukovac\u00ed vak\u2018) a ABS<\/em> (\u201aprotiblokovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m brzd\u2018), a\u010dkoli ty tehdy u\u017e neologismy sp\u00ed\u0161 nebyly, nebo\u0165 jsme se s nimi ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch a dra\u017e\u0161\u00edch modelech mohli setkat ji\u017e podstatn\u011b d\u0159\u00edve. Do p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed v kontextu zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch se emisn\u00edch norem spad\u00e1 tak\u00e9 mohutn\u00fd rozvoj t\u0159\u00edv\u00e1lcov\u00fdch motor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou oproti t\u011bm \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lcov\u00fdm pr\u00fd \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (alespo\u0148 teoreticky, resp. v laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch). V t\u00e9to souvislosti vzniklo jako lidov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed t\u0159\u00edv\u00e1lcov\u00e9ho motoru slovo t\u0159\u00edhrnek<\/a> <\/em>\u2013 v\u00e1lec sv\u00fdm podlouhl\u00fdm tvarem hrnek trochu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u2013 a lid\u00e9 za\u010dali n\u011bkter\u00e9 vozy vybaven\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edv\u00e1lcov\u00fdm motorem 1.2 HTP \u017eertovn\u011b ozna\u010dovat jako ha\u0165apky<\/a><\/em> s odkazem na zkratku HTP (z anglick\u00e9ho Hight Torque Performance<\/em> \u2013 \u201avysok\u00fd to\u010div\u00fd moment\u2018). Pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu byly a jsou t\u0159\u00edv\u00e1lce \u010dasto opat\u0159ov\u00e1ny turbodmychadlem, kter\u00e9mu n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed fouka\u010dka<\/a><\/em>, a to podle principu, na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bho\u017e turbodmychadlo pracuje: Stla\u010duje vzduch p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd (\u201efoukan\u00fd\u201c) do motoru.<\/p>\n Zrze\u010dku a Papriku d\u011bl\u00ed jen p\u00e1r let, proto je to tentokr\u00e1t posun m\u00e9n\u011b dramatick\u00fd. D\u016fraz na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost se projevil n\u00e1stupem r\u016fzn\u00fdch asisten\u010dn\u00edch a podp\u016frn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, je\u017e maj\u00ed jazykov\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou podobu n\u011bjak\u00e9 zkratky odkazuj\u00edc\u00ed k anglickojazy\u010dn\u00e9mu slovn\u00edmu spojen\u00ed. Za v\u0161echny jmenujme ASR<\/em> (\u201asyst\u00e9m regulace prokluzu kol\u2018, z anglick\u00e9ho Anti-Slip Regulation<\/em>) a ESP<\/em> (\u201aelektronick\u00fd stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed program\u2018, z anglick\u00e9ho Electronic Stability Program<\/em>).<\/p>\n V tomto trendu pak pokra\u010dovala \u010cer\u0148ucha, se kterou vstupujeme v podstat\u011b do sou\u010dasnosti a kter\u00e1 p\u0159idala d\u016fraz na dal\u0161\u00ed elektronizaci v\u0161eho mo\u017en\u00e9ho: viz v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd start \/ stop syst\u00e9m <\/em>nebo syst\u00e9m zvan\u00fd front assist <\/em>varuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm kolize. D\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ale mo\u017en\u00e1 je, \u017ee se \u2013 a\u010d sama nen\u00ed elektromobilem \u2013 narodila v dob\u011b, kdy elektromobilita za\u010dala b\u00fdt jevem nejen hojn\u011b medializovan\u00fdm, ale i prakticky existuj\u00edc\u00edm; prvn\u00ed novodob\u00e9 \u010dist\u011b elektrick\u00e9 auto \u010desk\u00e9 provenience vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 s\u00e9riov\u011b bylo p\u0159edstaveno v roce 2019, kdy \u010cer\u0148ucha oslavila sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed narozeniny.<\/p>\n Nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl proch\u00e1z\u00ed v t\u00e9to souvislosti hlubok\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami, ba p\u0159\u00edmo zm\u011bnou paradigmatu \u010di \u2013 chcete-li \u2013 elektrorevoluc\u00ed<\/a><\/em>. To s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i jazykov\u00e9 inovace. Vznikaj\u00ed tak nov\u00e1 slova odborn\u00e1, ale i jin\u00e1, srov.: elektrobour\u00e1k<\/a><\/em> (\u201a(velk\u00fd) drah\u00fd a zprav. siln\u00fd automobil s elektrick\u00fdm pohonem\u2018), elektromikrobus<\/a> <\/em>(\u201amikrobus s elektrick\u00fdm pohonem\u2018), elektro-plyno-biomobil<\/a><\/em> (\u201aautomobil kombinuj\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy pohonu\u2018) apod.<\/p>\n Co n\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 d\u00e1l, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee v\u011bd\u011bt s naprostou jistotou. Ale zkusme si zav\u011b\u0161tit z k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u00e9 koule. Patrn\u011b se budou jednak rozv\u00edjet dal\u0161\u00ed alternativn\u00ed druhy pohonu, jednak \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed najde tzv. autonomn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/em> (\u201a\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed za pomoci po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f bez \u0159idi\u010de\u2018). Slova jako vod\u00edk\u00e1\u010d<\/a><\/em> (\u201aautomobil s vod\u00edkov\u00fdm pohonem\u2018) a solarmobil<\/a><\/em> (\u201aautomobil s pohonem na slune\u010dn\u00ed energii\u2018) \u010di LIDAR<\/em> (\u201ametoda m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti na z\u00e1klad\u011b doby \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pulsu odra\u017een\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho paprsku\u2018, z anglick\u00e9ho Light Detection And Ranging<\/em>) tak mo\u017en\u00e1 postupem \u010dasu za\u010dnou ztr\u00e1cet status neologism\u016f a stanou se b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby \u010de\u0161tiny.<\/p>\n A nebo to v\u0161echno nakonec bude t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 jinak\u2026 Proto\u017ee jak \u0159\u00edkal automobilov\u00fd guru Ferdinand Porsche: \u201eZm\u011bna je snadn\u00e1. Pokrok je mnohem t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" V na\u0161\u00ed rodin\u011b jsme aut\u016fm v\u017edycky d\u00e1vali jm\u00e9na. Asi proto, \u017ee to pro n\u00e1s nebyly jen kusy \u017eeleza, plastu a gumy, ale sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a\u017e skoro \u010dlenov\u00e9 rodiny. Mo\u017en\u00e1 trochu p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u00edm, ale p\u0159esto\u2026 Fifi, L\u00edzinka, Fanda, Zrze\u010dka, Paprika a \u010cer\u0148ucha n\u00e1s doprov\u00e1zeli a doprov\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i mnoha zlomov\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech v \u017eivot\u011b. Zvyk pojmenov\u00e1vat rodinn\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017eovadla n\u00e1m z\u016fstal a\u017e do … Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed textu Od startovac\u00ed kliky a\u017e po elektrobour\u00e1k. Automobilismus ve zp\u011btn\u00e9m zrc\u00e1tku i za horizontem<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[202,200,106,201],"class_list":["post-1090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktuality","tag-automobilismus","tag-historismus","tag-neologismus","tag-technika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1090"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1090\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1126,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1090\/revisions\/1126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}