{"id":830,"date":"2023-03-05T16:48:25","date_gmt":"2023-03-05T15:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/?p=830"},"modified":"2023-03-05T16:48:35","modified_gmt":"2023-03-05T15:48:35","slug":"au-lajkity-lajk-ziv-a-sestry-jejich-aneb-o-citoslovcich-starych-i-novych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/2023\/03\/05\/au-lajkity-lajk-ziv-a-sestry-jejich-aneb-o-citoslovcich-starych-i-novych\/","title":{"rendered":"Au, lajkity lajk, z\u00edv a sestry jejich aneb Citoslovce star\u00e1 i nov\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tak\u017ee, poj\u010fme si to \u0159\u00edct hned a na rovinu. Citoslovce (t\u00e9\u017e interjekce)<\/strong>, tj. slova jako t\u0159eba au<\/em><\/strong>, fuj<\/em><\/strong>, brrr<\/em><\/strong>, k\u0161\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, maj\u00ed jako slovn\u00ed druh v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0neologismy v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b mezi neologismy najdeme pr\u00e1v\u011b i citoslovce (ho\u010fte o\u010dko \u010di dv\u011b na nadpis), na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 je hodn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee citoslovce byla v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch t\u011bmi \u00fapln\u011b nejprvn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi slovy.<\/p>\n

Citoslovce pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nesklonn\u00e9 slovn\u00ed druhy. Mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0nich v\u00a0sob\u011b obsahuj\u00ed ve zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b vlastn\u011b cel\u00e9 v\u00fdpov\u011bdi: Au<\/em> <\/strong>vyjad\u0159uje n\u011bco jako \u201ebol\u00ed m\u011b to\u201c, brrr<\/em><\/strong> \u201eje mi zima\u201c ap. S\u00a0ur\u010ditou nads\u00e1zkou se p\u0159itom d\u00e1 \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee citoslovce jsou v\u00a0jazyce takov\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed podiv\u00ednci; jejich charakteristickou vlastnost\u00ed je toti\u017e n\u011bjak\u00e1 odchylka. M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o\u00a0netypickou kombinaci hl\u00e1sek (jbl<\/em> \u2013 fuj tajbl<\/em><\/strong>), v\u00fdskyt hl\u00e1sek m\u00e1lo frekventovan\u00fdch (\u00f3<\/em> \u2013 hal\u00f3!<\/em><\/strong>), zdvojen\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9ho elementu (chacha<\/em><\/strong>, chichi<\/em><\/strong>) aj. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se s\u00a0nimi setk\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u00a0mluven\u00e9m, neform\u00e1ln\u00edm jazyce; k\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdm textov\u00fdm druh\u016fm maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 antipatie, a\u00a0tak na n\u011b nap\u0159. v\u00a0odborn\u00e9m textu v\u00a0podstat\u011b nikdy nenaraz\u00edme. Citoslovce namnoze vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed citov\u00e9 rozpolo\u017een\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00edho (odtud tak\u00e9 jejich ozna\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee? \u2013 au<\/em><\/strong>, ach<\/em><\/strong>); jin\u00e1 jsou zvukomalebn\u00e1, tj. imituj\u00ed zvuky (bum<\/em><\/strong>, buuu<\/em><\/strong>, \u0165uk<\/em><\/strong>, \u017eblu\u0148k<\/em><\/strong>) nebo slou\u017e\u00ed nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0udr\u017een\u00ed kontaktu (hej<\/em><\/strong>, hmm<\/em><\/strong>) \u010di maj\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edho partnera k\u00a0n\u011b\u010demu p\u0159im\u011bt (pssst<\/em><\/strong>, hop<\/em><\/strong>). N\u011bkter\u00e1 citoslovce b\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00a0komunikaci doprov\u00e1zena gestem, mimikou obli\u010deje \u010di pohybem \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla (ty ty ty<\/em><\/strong>, brrr<\/em><\/strong>, fuj<\/em><\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Zcela nevyvratiteln\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o\u00a0tom, jak vznikla lidsk\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d, nem\u00e1me a\u00a0asi ani nikdy m\u00edt nebudeme. Na to le\u017e\u00ed okam\u017eik vzniku jazyka historicky p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hluboko v\u00a0minulosti a\u00a0nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 tento okam\u017eik podrobit empirick\u00e9mu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159esto n\u00e1m paleolingvistika<\/strong>, neboli v\u011bda o\u00a0p\u016fvodu jazyka, m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00eddnout alespo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00e9 teorie, jak k\u00a0t\u00e9to pro druh homo sapiens p\u0159evratn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti do\u0161lo. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich maj\u00ed pon\u011bkud extravagantn\u00ed n\u00e1zvy, posu\u010fte sami: HAF HAF teorie<\/strong> vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0toho, \u017ee prvn\u00ed slova byla v\u00fdsledkem lidsk\u00e9 snahy napodobit zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed zvuky, pop\u0159. p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zvuky jin\u00e9. UF UF teorie<\/strong> spat\u0159uje p\u016fvod \u0159e\u010di ve spont\u00e1nn\u011b vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch zvuc\u00edch, je\u017e vyjad\u0159ovaly n\u011bjak\u00e9 siln\u00e9 vjemy a\u00a0city, typicky nap\u0159. bolest. Podle CINK CINK teorie<\/strong> byla prvn\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 slova hlasov\u011b realizovan\u00fdm charakteristick\u00fdm zvukem, kter\u00fd je esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

A\u0165 byly p\u0159esn\u00e9 okolnosti vzniku lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di jak\u00e9koliv, z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee citoslovce p\u0159i n\u011bm hr\u00e1la prvn\u00ed housle. A\u00a0\u017ee velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00a0nich existuje v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch sv\u011bta u\u017e hodn\u011b dlouhou dobu. Mezi star\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 citoslovce tak pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159. (doklady z\u00a0webu https:\/\/vokabular.ujc.cas.cz\/<\/a>):<\/p>\n

ach<\/strong>: ach, kda jest b\u00fdti tomu, jak\u017e bych j\u00e1 sv\u00f3j k\u00f3\u0148 okro\u010dil!<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00e9<\/strong><\/em> (ve v\u00fdznamu \u00f3<\/em>, ach<\/em>): \u00e9, hospodine, neost\u00e1vaj mne!<\/em> (dnes ji\u017e nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9)<\/p>\n

haha:<\/strong> ha ha, t\u011b\u017e\u0161ie tu bude ods\u00fazenie, ne\u017e nynie b\u00fdv\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n

haf<\/strong>, hav<\/strong>, haw<\/strong>: kdy\u017e brachne jednau haw!<\/em><\/p>\n

oh<\/strong>: oh, biedn\u00e1 \u00fasta nestydat\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n

piv<\/strong>, piw<\/strong><\/em> (ve v\u00fdznamu pch<\/em>): piw, to li jest kr\u00e1l, ba by se on pre\u010d odsavad bral<\/em> (dnes ji\u017e nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9)<\/p>\n

O\u00a0tom, \u017ee se \u010de\u0161tina i dnes obohacuje o\u00a0citoslovce nov\u00e1, se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dujeme mj. pohledem do ji\u017e mnohokr\u00e1t zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9ho Neomatu (https:\/\/neologismy.cz\/<\/a>). Najdeme zde krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho:<\/p>\n

boing-boing<\/strong><\/em> (ozv\u011bnovit\u00fd zvuk nap\u0159. p\u0159i uvoln\u011bn\u00ed stla\u010den\u00e9 pru\u017einy, pera aj.): N\u011bkdy se d\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edt p\u016fvodn\u00ed zvukov\u00fd doprovod (\u2026), jindy kolegov\u00e9 v\u00a0elektronick\u00e9 st\u0159i\u017en\u011b dodaj\u00ed zvuky nov\u00e9 \u2013 ruchy, hudbu a\u00a0takzvan\u00fd \u201emickey-mousing\u201c, to jsou ty nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komick\u00e9 \u201eboing-boing<\/strong>\u201c, p\u00edpance a\u00a0pr\u00e1skance\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010dmrk<\/strong> <\/em>(zvuk psac\u00ed nebo kreslic\u00ed pot\u0159eby, kter\u00e1 se energicky pohybuje po n\u011bjak\u00e9 plo\u0161e, zprav. po pap\u00ed\u0159e): Jak se u v\u00e1s vlastn\u011b zrod\u00ed n\u00e1pad? Mus\u00edte ho vysed\u011bt, nebo p\u0159ijde jako moment\u00e1ln\u00ed inspirace? \u2013 Jak r\u00e1d bych v\u00e1m \u0159ekl, \u017ee si sednu, na\u010dm\u00e1r\u00e1m n\u011bco na ubrousek a\u00a0vyinkasuju milion!\u00a0\u010cmrk<\/strong>,\u00a0\u010dmrk<\/strong>, podpis. To bohu\u017eel nejde.<\/em><\/p>\n

duc<\/strong> <\/em>(hlu\u010dn\u00fd a\u00a0jednotv\u00e1rn\u00fd zvuk specifick\u00e9ho druhu hudby): dance music \u2013 tane\u010dn\u00ed hudba, pro nezn\u00e1lky vyjad\u0159ovan\u00e1 citoslovci \u201educ<\/strong>,\u00a0duc<\/strong>\u201c, rozli\u0161uje se do mnoha podskupin a\u00a0sm\u011br\u016f: techno, house, jungle, speed garage, trance, acid jazz apod.<\/em><\/p>\n

jejky<\/strong> <\/em>(skute\u010dnost, \u017ee mluv\u010d\u00ed bere na v\u011bdom\u00ed n\u011bco negativn\u00edho, omyl, chybu aj., n\u011bkdy jako sou\u010d\u00e1st omluvy): Jejky<\/strong>, k***a dostala \u0161tr\u00e1f\u00edk, no, bude muset p\u0159idat na pohybu p\u00e1nve, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b d\u011blat v\u00edce Honolulu\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

juk\u00ed\u00ed\u00ed<\/strong> <\/em>(v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 nevole, ostr\u00e1 kritika, znechucen\u00ed, patrn\u011b k\u00a0angl. yuck v\u00a0t\u00e9m\u017ee v\u00fdznamu): U\u00ed\u00ed\u00ed.\u00a0Juk\u00ed\u00ed\u00ed<\/strong>. F\u016f\u016f\u016f\u016f\u016fj. iPhone 11 Pro. Bl\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9. Tak tohle je ta trypofobie, fobie z\u00a0mal\u00fdch d\u00edrek a\u00a0hlavn\u011b jejich shluk\u016f. Nov\u00fd telefon iPhone 11 Pro od Applu m\u00e1 \u2013 jak je zn\u00e1mo \u2013 t\u0159i objektivy, tak\u017ee vyfot\u00ed i to, co nechce.<\/em><\/p>\n

lajkity lajk<\/strong><\/em> (skute\u010dnost, \u017ee n\u011bkdo d\u00e1, d\u00e1v\u00e1 lajk na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch): Ona je to takov\u00e1 terapie, a\u00a0jak vidno, pot\u0159ebuje ji dost lid\u00ed. Tak\u017ee: kdo se nestyd\u00ed, nen\u00ed \u010cech, hop hop hop, a\u00a0jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 na Facebooku,\u00a0lajkity lajk<\/strong>\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

meh<\/strong> <\/em>(negativn\u00ed postoj, negativn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, kritika): Triky jsou super (jako v\u017edy), vkusn\u011b pubert\u00e1ln\u00ed humor OK (osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e1 klasika), p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u2026\u00a0meh<\/strong>. Cel\u00e1 z\u00e1pletka kolem z\u00e1por\u00e1ka je bohu\u017eel intergalakticky imbeciln\u00ed (\u2026)<\/em><\/p>\n

muck<\/strong> <\/em>(zvuk polibku): Ad\u00e9la: Nikoho nevyhodila, Anet\u2026 \ud83d\ude42 M\u00e1\u0161 t\u0159i ot\u00e1zky, z\u00a0nich si vybere\u0161 dv\u011b\u2026 :)) A\u00a0i\u00a0kdy\u017e to nep\u0159e\u010dte\u0161, tak m\u00e1\u0161 za 3. \u2013 Aneta: Ok, diky, Adel, za uklidn\u011bn\u00ed\u2026. \ud83d\ude42\u00a0Muck<\/strong>\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

oops<\/strong> <\/em>(skute\u010dnost, \u017ee mluv\u010d\u00ed bere na v\u011bdom\u00ed n\u011bco negativn\u00edho, omyl, chybu aj., n\u011bkdy jako sou\u010d\u00e1st omluvy): Nap\u0159\u00edklad si dovedu p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee slo\u017eit\u00e1 arbitr\u00e1\u017e nebo komplexn\u00ed transakce stoj\u00ed hodn\u011b. Ale n\u011bkdy vid\u00edm v\u00a0novin\u00e1ch sumu a\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1m si: \u201eOops<\/strong>!, tohle za pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby asi nen\u00ed\u2026\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

plink<\/strong> <\/em>(kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, ostr\u00fd, kovov\u00fd nebo zvoniv\u00fd zvuk): T\u011bm se to mus\u00ed dodat v\u00a0excelov\u00fdch tabulk\u00e1ch a\u00a0ty je\u0161t\u011b mus\u00ed m\u00edt takov\u00e9 ty vyskakovac\u00ed bubliny, co na n\u011b kliknete, ud\u011blaj\u00ed takov\u00e9 to\u00a0plink\u00a0<\/strong>a vysko\u010d\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

tykr\u00e1so<\/strong><\/em> (\u00fadiv, p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, obdiv ap.): Nechala jsem se potetovat, neboj\u00edm se p\u0159iznat, \u017ee chod\u00edm k\u00a0psychologovi a\u00a0sv\u016fj rozchod jsem sd\u00edlela na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.\u00a0Tykr\u00e1so<\/strong>. J\u00e1 jsem norm\u00e1ln\u011b rebel roku 2020.<\/em><\/p>\n

vruuum<\/strong><\/em> (zvuk spalovac\u00edho motoru automobilu, motocyklu aj.): Pr\u00e1ce motoristick\u00e9ho novin\u00e1\u0159e ob\u010das nem\u00e1 nouzi o\u00a0vesel\u00e9 okam\u017eiky. Jako tehdy, kdy\u017e n\u00e1m hlavn\u00ed produktov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d Infiniti Francois Bacon tak\u0159ka filozoficky vysv\u011btloval v\u00fdhody nov\u00e9ho konceptu: \u201eTicho, to je novodob\u00e9\u00a0vruuuum<\/strong>.\u201c Asi bychom se zasm\u00e1li a\u00a0pustili to z\u00a0hlavy, kdyby (\u2026)<\/em><\/p>\n

wow<\/strong> <\/em>(\u00fadiv, p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, obdiv ap.): \u201eTwerk existuje dlouho, ale hodn\u011b se o\u00a0tom za\u010dalo mluvit pr\u00e1v\u011b po vystoupen\u00ed Miley Cyrusov\u00e9.\u00a0Wow<\/strong>, co to je? To je tanec? Aha? Jak\u017ee? Twerk?\u201c shrnuje reakce ve\u0159ejnosti Anto\u0161ov\u00e1.<\/em><\/p>\n

z\u00edv<\/em> <\/strong>(skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se n\u011bkdo nud\u00ed, \u017ee je n\u011bco nezaj\u00edmav\u00e9): Utahan\u00e9 drama bez dramatick\u00fdch okam\u017eik\u016f, retrosymfonie pro t\u0159i v\u00fdst\u0159ihy a\u00a0dvacet bizarn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010desk\u016f. Upozorn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed emoce za\u017eijete p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed seznamu z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch herc\u016f, od tohoto okam\u017eiku u\u017e to bude jen hor\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0hor\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Z\u00edv<\/strong>\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Citoslovce jsou velice origin\u00e1ln\u00ed, sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00fd slovn\u00ed druh. Jsou jako \u017eralok \u0161otek ve sv\u011bt\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159at, jako Tatra 77 mezi \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdmi automobily, jako zp\u011bva\u010dka Bj\u00f6rk ve sv\u011bt\u011b hudby\u2026 Nelze se tak ne\u017e t\u011b\u0161it na dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstky, kter\u00fdmi v\u00a0budoucnu obohat\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu na\u0161\u00ed mate\u0159\u0161tiny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tak\u017ee, poj\u010fme si to \u0159\u00edct hned a na rovinu. Citoslovce (t\u00e9\u017e interjekce), tj. slova jako t\u0159eba au, fuj, brrr, k\u0161\u00e1, maj\u00ed jako slovn\u00ed druh v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0neologismy v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b mezi neologismy najdeme pr\u00e1v\u011b i citoslovce (ho\u010fte o\u010dko \u010di dv\u011b na nadpis), na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 je hodn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee citoslovce byla v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch … Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed textu Au, lajkity lajk, z\u00edv a sestry jejich aneb Citoslovce star\u00e1 i nov\u00e1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[36,175,176,177,179,178],"class_list":["post-830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktuality","tag-anglicismus","tag-citoslovce","tag-emoce","tag-komunikace","tag-vznik-jazyka","tag-zvukomalebnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=830"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":901,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/830\/revisions\/901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nastenka.neologismy.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}